Perspective: a culture of respect, part 1: the nature and causes of disrespectful behavior by physicians

A substantial barrier to progress in patient safety is a dysfunctional culture rooted in widespread disrespect. The authors suggest six categories for classifying the broad range of disrespectful behavior in the health care setting: disruptive behavior; humiliating, demeaning treatment of nurses, residents, and students; passive-aggressive behavior; passive disrespect; dismissive treatment of patients; and systemic disrespect.