As a critical behavior to improve quality and patient safety in health care: speaking up!

Identify literature about speaking up behaviors to improve safety outcomes via considering both patient and provider perspectives. Found 53 articles through 2016: 3 RCTs, 8 cohorts, 1 case control, 34 cross sectional studies and 3 reports. Speaking up is one of the critical behaviors of patient safety. Awareness of factors that influencing and enabling speaking up behaviors may help leaders and decision makers to improve quality and safety of healthcare in their organization.